Abstract
Abstract Background: Tumors of the salivary glands make up 3% of neoplasms in the head and neck region. Pleomorphic adenoma represents the most prevalent benign tumor of the salivary glands. Endocan is secreted by endothelial cells and is associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the expression and distribution pattern of endocan in salivary pleomorphic adenoma and the contribution of markers to tumor development. Methods: A total of 35 samples of pleomorphic adenoma from parotid glands were collected from the Archive of the Pathology Department of Educational Hospital from 2016 to 2021. Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the previous diagnosis. All samples were classified based on the differentiation of the epithelial cells and the amount of the stroma according to the Seifert et al. classification. Then, the specimens were processed for immunohistochemistry analysis. Results: Based on the Seifert et al. classification, 37% of PAs were classified as classic type. Cellular type or myxoid type was found in 31.4% of cases (each with 11 cases). There was a significant difference between the age of the patients and the histological subtype (p<0.011). Additionally, there was statistically significant difference between the duration of the tumor and the histological subtypes (p< 0.018). Endocan positivity was mainly observed in the ductal epithelium in the classic subtype. Additionally, plasmacytoid-like cells and spindle cells were stained for endocan primarily in the classic type. Conclusion: The present study has shown a noticeable occurrence of endocan positivity in different cell types found in PA samples. The findings from our research offer evidence that supports the notion that endocan is crucial in the progression and potentially in the malignant transformation of PAs. The immunoreactivity shown by plasmacytoid-like cells and spindle cells provides a strong indication of the possible presence of EMT phenomenon as a key factor in the development of these tumors. Thus, endocan can be considered a potential therapeutic target for PA.