Abstract
Background: Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to create functional bone substitutes that can repair or regenerate damaged bone tissues. Achieving this goal requires a deep understanding of the in vivo conditions under which natural bone develops, heals, and remodels. These conditions are considered complex and involve mechanical, biochemical, and cellular factors that govern bone formation and regeneration. This article aimed to discuss the key aspects of in vivo conditions essential for successful BTE, including mechanical forces, biochemical signaling, cellular interactions, vascularization, immune responses, and the role of bone remodeling.
Methods: This article aimed to discuss the key aspects of in vivoconditions essential for successful BTE, including mechanical forces, biochemical signaling, cellular interactions, vascularization, immune responses, and the role of bone remodeling.
Results: The obtained data revealed that understanding vascularization and immune responses is crucial for designing engineered bone constructs that can mimic native bone and function effectively in clinical applications.
Conclusion: Ultimately, the continued refinement of in vivo models and a deeper understanding of the tissue microenvironment are essential for the development of BTE therapies that are not only effective but also safe, sustainable, and capable of providing long-term functional outcomes for patients.