Nanofibers loaded with vancomycin for the treatment of periodontal infections: synthesis, characterization, efficacy, and safety tests

Abstract

The primary function of periodontal wound dressing materials is to safeguard the wound site from microbial infections, regulate moisture levels, and administer bioactive chemicals. The present study aims to create an antibiotic-loaded, interactive, bioactive nanofibrous. This scaffold will use polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) loaded with vancomycin antibiotics. The electrospinning approach was utilized to manufacture the dressing. In this study, nanofibers were explored for the topical delivery of the antimicrobial drug vancomycin, demonstrating their potential as a treatment option for periodontal infections. The vancomycin-loaded nanofibers were created using an electrospinning technique, resulting in uniform, nanosized fibers (approximately 400 nm in diameter) with high drug entrapment efficiency and sustained release over 48 hours. In vitro, cytotoxicity tests using fibroblast cells confirmed the biocompatibility of the drug-loaded nanofibers. Additionally, in vitro antibacterial tests showed that the vancomycin-loaded nanofibers maintained effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The additional characterization demonstrated that the synthesized nanofibers exhibit advantageous physicochemical features. Raising the antibiotic concentration diminished the tensile strength of nanofibers while enhancing the swelling properties. The release kinetics of the extract demonstrated that approximately 80% of the drug was liberated from the nanofibers within 24 hours. Overall, the MTT, hemocompatibility, and antibacterial assay verified that the manufactured dressing was compatible with living cells, killed the pathogenic bacteria, and stimulated the growth of fibroblast cells.

Keywords: Periodontal, Nanofibers, Vancomycin, Antibacterial