Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 2423-7582 18 1 2026 03 29 Snapshots of Age and Gender: Pulp Volume Analysis of Maxillary Teeth Using OnDemand 3D and ITK-SNAP 16 22 10.34172/ajdr.2277 EN Reddy Sudhakara Reddy Sindhuja Yerrapragada Sindhuja https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1795-1528 Beeraboina Ananda Babu Budumuru Ramesh Kumar Jyothirmai Koneru Keerthiprasad Javvadi Journal Article 10.34172/ajdr.2277 2025 03 04 2025 05 27 Introduction: In forensic investigations, age and gender determination is fundamental for the creation of the biological profile of the individual. Teeth are widely used in forensic and anthropological investigations to determine the gender and age of the human body, regardless of the cause of death and state of preservation of the body. Secondary dentin deposition by odontoblasts is a continuous process that causes progressive narrowing of the pulp chamber in all teeth. The deposition of secondary dentin can be assessed by destructive methods such as tooth sectioning for microscopic study or by conservative methods such as imaging examinations. Destructive methods are not acceptable for forensic purposes because they cause the loss of evidence. Therefore, non-invasive imaging technologies, such as CBCT, were employed for measuring pulp volume, addressing paucity in the literature comparing two software programs, OnDemand 3D and ITK-SNAP, and assessing any software errors among them. Based on this, the aim of the study was to estimate and compare pulp volume of the maxillary central incisor and canine using OnDemand 3D and ITK-SNAP software programs. Methods: In this retrospective study, 125 Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) files were obtained and the pulp volume of maxillary central incisor and canine was assessed using OnDemand 3D and ITK-SNAP. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between age and pulp volume but it was independent of gender. Conclusion: To conclude, the results reveal statistically significant outcomes in estimating patient age based on pulp volume in CBCT scans using both OnDemand 3D and ITK-SNAP software programs. The formulas developed in this study are applicable for forensic age estimation of victims. Although no software errors were found, OnDemand 3D software was noted to be slightly more sensitive to technique than ITK-SNAP.