Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 2423-7582 10 1 2018 03 01 A Maxillary Third Molar With 2 Distobuccal Canals: A Case Report 28 30 10.34172/ajdr.2018.06 EN Zakiyeh Donyavi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-2107 Mohammad Esmaeilzadeh Najme Kermani Journal Article 10.34172/ajdr.2018.06 2017 12 08 2018 01 20 Introduction: Knowledge about the anatomy and morphology of the root canal system plays an important role in the prognosis of endodontic treatment and its success. Maxillary third molars with two distobuccal canals have been rarely reported. Herein, we report a maxillary third molar with 2 canals in the distobuccal root and describe its successful endodontic treatment. Case Presentation: Our patient was a 67-year-old man referred to a private endodontic clinic complaining of pain in his maxillary right third molar tooth. With the diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis, the tooth underwent root canal therapy, during which, after thorough negotiation of orifices, a second distobuccal canal was found. Cleaning and shaping were carried out and root canals were filled. A follow-up was scheduled to ensure a successful endodontic treatment. Conclusions: In this case, we did not use any adjunct diagnostic modality. We only found an additional canal by extending the access cavity and paying attention to landmarks by probing the fissures and grooves between the main orifices. However, it seems that use of new methods can enhance a successful treatment especially in the elderly patients.