Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 2423-7582 10 1 2018 03 01 Primary Ewing Sarcoma of the Mandibular Condyle: A Rare Case With Diagnostic Challenge 35 38 10.34172/ajdr.2018.08 EN Mohammad Reza Jamalpour https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0092-0443 Shokufeh Jamshidi Amer Ahoushgar Mahsa Alavi Namvar Hamed Babaei Ataollah Narimani Journal Article 10.34172/ajdr.2018.08 2018 01 14 2018 01 14 Introduction: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare primary malignant tumor of the maxillofacial area. On the other hand, the primary involvement of the mandibular condyle is really very rare and any misdiagnosis may significantly affect the prognosis of the disease. Case Presentation: This report describes a 29-year-old female patient who has been treated for temporomandibular disorder before being referred to our department. The patient was admitted with a diagnosis of ES and managed by primary induction chemotherapy, followed by tumor resection, radiotherapy and postoperative chemotherapy. Conclusions: ES of the mandibular condyle is really rare. Therefore, early diagnosis and multimodal therapy are essential for having a better prognosis of these lesions